Horse And Rider Archetypes In Canterbury Tales English Literature Essay

Horse And Rider Archetypes In Canterbury Tales English Literature Essay Several works have brought about various The Canterbury Tales aspects. However, only a few of these works have recognized and given credit to the horses which are one of the characters mentioned by Chaucer. The aim of this essay is to try to bring out the significance of these characters which often go unnoticed thereby remaining neglected. The realization of these characters assists in filling an important fissure in the comprehending as well as appreciating the great work of Chaucer. The main purpose of this essay is to illustrate that Chaucer made the choice of mentioning pilgrims horses not only for the sake of aesthetic detail but for figurative alongside actual narrative purposes as well. The horses bring out more information concerning the pilgrims dressing manners in addition to physical features. As the horses act as an indication of the pilgrims social condition, they in addition give a hint on the moral character of a certain character. Even though the appearance of horses in the whole of The Canterbury Tales is minimal; they make a provision for one to draw an insight on the Chaucers vivid menagerie. In the Canterbury Tales; Chaucer has made reference to the horse for a number of times. In an approximation he has actually mentioned them for more than hundred and fifty times. Particularly, these solid references are mostly either proverbial terminologies or images which give reflections on the horses common notions thus giving an illustration of the relationship between characters in respect to their animal qualities, passions alongside stately status. It comes as no surprise to have Chaucers travelers mounted as pilgrims usually used the horses during pilgrimages. Nevertheless, Chaucer oddly makes a specification of eight pilgrim mounts, that is; Baths wife took her ride on an ambler, the Plowman rode a mare, and the palfrey was for the Monk while the reeve rode a stot. Though Chaucer maintains that the horses are simply normal animals helpful to man, he could not have given such a detailed description if that was the only reason he used them. Most likely, Chaucer used the horse archetypes so as to make an illustration; though subtly, of the pilgrims rank within the society alongside the individuals real moral character. For example, Chaucer allocates the mare to the Plowman which is a low class mount meant only for the most poor people in society. However, as the Plowman meekly acknowledges his personal social status, he rides the mare happily and thereby embodies a morality level of high standards because he never pretends to be what he is actually not. As a careful craftsman, Chaucer seems to possess a particular use for each detail, together with the pilgrims horses description. People such as Beryl Rowland have alleged that the mount mostly gave reflection of a riders disposition. Actually, the horse type allocated to every pilgrim tends to give a hint on various character traits. Seventeen pilgrims have in a certain time been defined relative to their individual horses; some of them in just one or two lines while others such as the Monk alongside the Canon in substantial detail. On top of the overall prologue, Chaucer has also mentioned horses within a number of the individual tales themselves, with the Reeves Tale having the greatest number of horses mention. For instance, Bayard, a slack horse, has been used within Reeves Tale to give a depiction of the clerks as well as the millers status, nature, freedom and their sexual desires. Amongst the core Canterbury Tales attractions is Chaucers capability to bring out his characters uniquely as well as universally (Chaucer 109). Even though each pilgrim turns out as a unique stranger, he or she possesses a great deal of appeal to the audience as within every pilgrim lay specific fundamental human aspects. These human aspects seem to reveal Chaucers lively characters cast together, although what remains more appealing is their peculiarity and oddness: By the means of individual characterization, Chaucer develops a human, all mans image. Certain mount types have been used to illustrate the pilgrims nature whereas characters equestrian habits bring out, mostly more effectively, the inner nature of the pilgrims. Chaucer definitely introduces characters oblique moral judgement on the basis of their individual riding habits. For instance, Chaucer portrays the Squire as a young, passionate man who is Cuteisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., lowly, and Servyable ( Chaucer 99). Which fits the Wel koudeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.sitte on hors and faire ryde line (94). By stating that it would have been not understandable to have the handsome, worthy honorable Knights son ride clumsily on his steed, Chaucer brings out Squires equestrian abilities. In accordance to the social conventions of a young man of his class Chaucers Squire assimilates the archetype as all squires were considered as proficient in horsemanship. Chaucer applies furthe r rider archetypes to the Clerk as well as Merchant. The Merchant is shown as one who talks his resonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.ful solemnly (Chaucer 274) as well as utilizes wel his bisette (279) rightfully rides hye on [his] horse (Chaucer 271). Similarly the reserved clerk, rides coy and stille as doth a maydeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦new espoused (1-2) fittingly puts across how pilgrims moral alongside personal nature is reflected by their riding ability. Chaucer initially conducts an examination of the Knight together with his son; Squire who are his most noble plus aristocratic characters before describing the pilgrims in detail which assists in the better understanding of the horses effect in the medieval society status. Chaucers Knight appropriately takes after the Knights archetype as just like most of the other knights, fights for aristocracy membership. Ful worthy was he in his lordes were (Chaucer 47). In overall, certain pilgrims mounts contribute to the tales realism in addition to subtle and thereby Chaucer actually had a purpose by using them. Work Cited Chaucer Geoffrey. (1775). Canterbury Tales. London, U.K: Mews-gate press

Walcotts Collected Poems and Roys The God of Small Things :: comparison compare contrast essays

Post-Colonial and Post-Modernist View of Walcott's Collected Poems and Roy's The God of Small Things      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Language was not so much a distinguishing sign of a soul or spirituality, which animals do not possess, as a social practice which enhanced survival of the species"-Nietzche. Nietzche reminded twentieth century intellectuals of the decisive role of language in the construction of human experience of 'reality'. With his 'perspectivism' and relativism, truth, whether artistic or scientific was seen as a social matter and a linguistic product, the displacement of one set of figures of speech by another, with knowledge the interrelations of signifiers in a field of experience made of prior interpretations. (Irving Howe, 80).    Thus in Walcott's poems and in Roy's 'The God of Small Things' modernism was further routed by inversion of ethical values as power tools for survival and exploitation, and of art as a veil over a reality describable only as wanton, godless procreation. This conception of a dynamic world of super changed energies of unimaginable force, often in violent conflict and ever-changing relations, came to resemble Freud's concept of id.    We observe, in their writings (Walcott and Roy) the apparently rational surface of consciousness hides a mass of tangled and conflicting desires, impulses and needs. The outer person is a mere papering-over of the cracks of a split and waring complex of selves driven by life and death instincts.    Walcott in his poem 'The Divided Child' writes,    There was your heaven ! The clear glaze of another life, a landscape locked in amber, the rare gleam. The dream of reason had produced its monster : a prodigy of the wrong age and colour. (Walcott 145).    According to him, language was not the transparent tool for the objective representation of a stable reality: ethics was not expressive of a discovered system of absolute values or religion other than a desire for parental protection throughout life.    He writes in his poem 'Lampfall,' And I'm elsewhere, far as I shall ever be from you whom I behold now, Dear family, dear friends, by this still glow The lantern's ring that the sea's Never extinguished Your voices curl in the shell of my ear. (Walcott 95).    When Roy was asked in an interview, 'What does it mean to be Indian?' she replied: 'Do we ask, 'What does it mean to be American or to be British?

Philip Morris Essay

1.How would you describe Marlboro’s competitive position in early 1993? Marlboro, the leading cigarette brand for Philip Morris, was the dominant player in the premium priced market. While RJR was the second largest player in the market, RJR’s cigarette brands were fragmented. At the end of 1992, Marlboro had 24.4% unit market share, while each of the RJR brand cigarettes had less than 7% market share. Philip Morris, at 53% operating contribution margin, was significantly more profitable than RJR, at 34% operating contribution margin. Marlboro was essentially backed by the biggest, most profitable player – Philip Morris. Philip Morris was also the consistent market share leader, at least since 1988, over RJR and other much smaller companies. The industry had sustained profitability over time. There we can conclude that there are significant barriers to entry in the cigarette market. Additionally, the need for a strong distribution network with retailers and wholesalers added to the barriers to entry into the market. Threat Discussed on more detail later, Marlboro was facing stuff competition in the 90s from discount brands, particularly RJR brands. While Marlboro, a premium brand, suffered a steadily declining market share since 1989, discount brands were quickly gaining market share. 2.What is Marlboro’s marketing strategy at this time? Marlboro positioned itself as a premium brand cigarette. While it played in the discount segment as well, it was second to RJR brands in the discount segment. Marlboro spent a significant amount of money in advertising and promotions to command its premium pricing. Marlboro became synonymous with Iconic imagery such as the â€Å"Marlboro man† and wild western country images. This led to Marlboro’s strong hold amongst young men. Marlboro outspent its competitors in advertising – spending $3.5 million per percent market share in 1992, compared to $2.1 million spend per percent market share by RJR. (RJR was focused on the discount segment by 1992) Marlboro also used its market power to engage in â€Å"Trade loading†, essentially forcing retailers to forward buy and to stock up on Marlboros just before a price increase. This probably encouraged retailers to allocate more shelf space to Marlboro to get their inventories moving from their warehouses. 3.How does this compare to R.J. Reynolds? RJR focused on its discount brand. RJR had built it self to the discount segment market share leader with 33% discount segment share by 1992. RJR carried about 200 brands under its umbrella. While they had national brands, they also created individual brands for each retailer, resulting in a string distribution system. This was probably well received by the retailers since a cigarette was one of the most profitable products sold in stores. RJR not only cut price to increase discount market share, but also invested in price promotions. Their growth in the 90s had come by taking market share from premium brands during a recessionary period. 4.What accounts for Philip Morris’ dramatic shift in strategy in April 1993? What are its goals? 6. What kind of industry future does Philip Morris anticipate? Market shift (Consumer behavior and regulation) The 1990’s was a recessionary period in the US. While cigarette smokers were believed to be loyal to their brands (and are generally very sticky consumers), there was a marked shift in the emergence of discount brands. In a span of 11 years (1981- 1992), the market share for discount brands in the US went from 0 to 30%. Meanwhile, Marlboro was steadily loosing market share, loosing 2 market share percentage points from 1989 to 1992. Additionally, the regulatory climate was putting an upward pressure on price. While government taxes were on the rise, restrictions on advertising of cigarettes were emerging, both of which made selling cigarettes more expensive. It can be argued that with the rising awareness amongst consumer on the hazards of smoking this upward pressure on price from a regulatory perspective would persist in the medium term. RJR Phillp Morris was also presumably worried about the aggressive price cuts and promotions by RJR to increase its market share. Goals of Philip Morris Strategy Philip Morris needed a aggressive competitive response to tacklethe threats of: declining market share, increasing share of discount brands, regulation, and RJR’s promotions and price cuts. They decided to aggressively attack the existing discount brands and make the Philip Morris brand significantly more price competitive. Philip Morris effectively cut price by 20%, creating 2 tiers of cigarette pricing (from 3 tiers before). Their premium products were now significantly more competitive, compared with the discount brands due to their reduced price and existing strong brand image. Philip Morris were betting that a large portion of consumers would compare their premium product as price competitive with the discount brands, and would chose Marlboro due to its superior brand image and comparable prices. They essentially wanted to win the pricing game and lead with their brand. Surprisingly, they slightly increased the price of their discount brand by a mere 6 cents. This was probably to restrict the range in which the pricing war could be played by other players. Industry Outlook for Philip Morris Surely with the consumer behavior shift and the increasingly hostile regulatory climate described above, Philip Morris views the industry margins becoming thinner and realizes it will get progressively harder to get new consumers. Therefore attracting heavy smokers becomes key for growth and long term profitability. Additionally, Marlboro views the market as price sensitive, especially for heavy smokers. Attracting and retaining this segment is not only a branding game but also a pricing game as well since there is a high frequency of repeat purchases. 5.How should R.J. Reynolds respond? In my opinion, RJR needs to â€Å"make good† (option 3 below) with Philip Morris. The three options for RJR are: Fight with a further price cut or increase in advertising: not only will this option further erode industry margins, but also RJR will probably get crushed in a price/advertising war against the much larger and more efficient Philip Morris. Do nothing: and risk loss of its discount market share dominance to Philip Morris. Price increase (â€Å"make good†): Philip Morris is clearly signaling that it will play aggressively in the discount segment, and in the war for consumers moving or likely to move to the discount segment. With a slight price increase, RJR can signal to Philip Morris that it does not want to engage in a further price war, and it will maintain industry profitability. Such collaborative behavior is probably best for both players in the industry. Additionally, since RJR has a strong distribution with personalized brands for retail outlets, it should focus on building its capability in such brands. The localized brands are arguably a slightly different turf than only fighting the game as big national brands (where Marlboro is very strong with its dominant brand imagery), and local retail branding is RJRs stronghold.

Child Labor In Bangladesh Essay - 1292 Words

Introduction Child labor is a violation of children’s rights. Children engaged in labor are deprived of basic social services, such as health, nutrition, water and sanitation and education. Deprivation of these social services during childhood limits children’s opportunities to thrive and perpetuates the cycle of generational poverty. When children are engaged in the labor market, they are often out of school, jeopardizing the country’s ability to achieve the Millennium Development Goal linked to primary education and other associated goals. Objectives: The objectives of this assignment are ïÆ' ¼ Addressing the problem of child labour ïÆ' ¼ Knowing the reasons behind it ïÆ' ¼ Understanding the consequences of child labour ïÆ' ¼ Understanding its social†¦show more content†¦Out of the child laborers engaged in the work force, 83% are employed in rural areas and 17% are employed in urban areas. Employment ranges from jobs in the informal sector such as in agriculture and domestic service, to jobs in the formal sector, such as in the garment industry. Consequences of child labors Children are exposed to accidental and other injuries at work. They should thus be protected to prevent social, economic and physical harm, which persist to affect them during their lifetime. Such injuries include1 : †¢ General child injuries and abuses like cuts, burns and lacerations, fractures, tiredness and dizziness, excessive fears and nightmares. †¢ Sexual abuse, particularly sexual exploitation of girls by adults, rape, prostitution, early and unwanted pregnancy, abortion, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS, drugs and alcoholism. †¢ Physical abuse that involve corporal punishment, emotional maltreatment such as blaming, belittling, verbal attacks, rejection, humiliation and bad remarks. †¢ Emotional neglect such as deprivation of family love and affection, resulting in loneliness, and hopelessness. †¢ Physical neglect like lack of adequate provision of food, clothing, shelter and medical treatment. †¢ Lack of schooling results in missing educational qualifications and higher skills thus perpetuating their life in poverty. †¢ Competition of children with adult workers leads toShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Garment Industry And Bangladesh1681 Words   |  7 PagesGarment Industry and Bangladesh Developing countries throughout the world have found themselves with a tremendous amount of hardships to be able to have an effective economy while developed countries continue with ease. These developing countries tend to have a mentality to do anything to be part of the global economy and have an influence in the world. Bangladesh is one of these developing countries that are trying to become an influence in the global economy by allowing multinational corporationsRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Childhood And Child Labor837 Words   |  4 PagesChildren in Need The dilemma of childhood and child labor are constantly being argued in overseas and domestic sociological literature. Anthropologists and Sociologists through the time have observed the history and the impact of social institutions on child labor. Professionals researching in the field of sociology of economics and labor by examining the incentive and value orientations of children and teenagers in the labor force, their principles and working conditions, and their outlook towardsRead MorePrimark s Corporate Social Responsibility954 Words   |  4 Pagesclothing retailer company was set up and headquartered in Dublin in 1969. Nowadays, there are over 250 stores across the United Kingdom, Ireland, Europe and the United States. Moreover, Primark operates with about 700 suppliers in China, India, Bangladesh, Turkey and Eastern Europe. Primark takes corporate social responsibility for the shareholders, owners, customers, suppliers as well as employees. Corporate social responsibility is that a company not only creates profits for the shareholders, butRead MoreGlobalization And The Economics Of Child Labor Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesIn an essay, â€Å"Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor†, by Eric V. Edmonds, a professor of economics researching to improve child labor policy, says, â€Å"In November of 2000, ten children earning around $11 per month burned to death in a garment factory in Bangladesh. The exits from the factory were chained shut† (Edmonds, 3). If the doors had been unlocked instead of chained shut, the children would have been save from this horrible fatality. More importantly, without child labor, this situationRead MoreChild Labour in Developing Countries Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesshape the future. The environment in which a child is brought up in, influences his intellectual, physical and social health, to grow up becoming an active vital member of society. Child labour is found in all aspects of the world, especially in developing countries with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities such as, Nepal, India, Kenya, Sub-Saharan Africa, Bangladesh etc. As indicated by the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention, child labour is characterized as all kids underneathRead MoreGlobalization : The Transition Of Human Society Into The Third Millennium 1744 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is a topic and concept that raises many questions and controversial issues. With globalization being so controversial, there are both positives and negative implications for societies across the globe, as I will discuss in depth in this essay. Firstly, globalization you can argue has had a positive effect on the developing world. Improvements in transportation and communication have encouraged large multi national corporations such as McDonalds, Microsoft, Ford and Sony to name a few, toRead MoreApparel Industry Wage And Sweatshop Industry s Wage Rate971 Words   |  4 Pagesnavy are manufacturing there products in third world countries. And the third world countries are famous for the sweatshops and the brand companies who want the production cost less for maximum profit are working as a fuel to this industry. In this essay we are going to see that most of the jobs provided by sweatshops do not provide an average standard of living to its employees. We are going to compare the apparel industry wage rate and sweatshop industry’s wage rate. The atmosphere of the workplaceRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Global Issues Research2113 Words   |  9 PagesApril 2016 Professor Owens Ashlyn Dumas Abstract: Human Trafficking is something that goes around all over the world. In this essay I will discuss what human trafficking is, how it is done and give three countries who are mainly known for this kind of inhuman act. The three countries are countries that are vey much known and are known as Bangladesh, Brazil and Ghana. All three countries are known for tourism so human trafficking is expected to be in act, especially if its over populatedRead MoreBarriers to Economic Growth in Bangladesh1885 Words   |  8 Pagesidentify and critically evaluate the barriers to growth and development. How can public policy attempt to lift those barriers?† This piece will look to identify and evaluate barriers to growth and development in Bangladesh, and then suggest ways of overcoming those barriers. Bangladesh has achieved significant results in her economic sector since her independence in 1971. Through the Nationalization Order of 1972, all key industries including jute, cotton textiles and sugar were vested upon theRead MoreIsearch In the United States, socialism is widely viewed as ‘bad word’, as an insult of sorts.1500 Words   |  6 Pagesways to get around them, and hired child labor for extremely cheap prices. As more labor laws were drafted and manual labor made less grueling, the capitalists simply exported the jobs out of the United States, to countries such as Bangladesh and India (http://bangladesh.um.dk/en/ the%20commercial%20section/products-and-services/). The human cost of this is huge, with factory collapses happening on a routine basis (http://www.huffingtonpost.com /2014/04/24/bangladesh-factory-workers_n_5200427.html )